Explorando el vínculo que une al individuo con su destino, este libro ofrece un análisis antropológico de la Volsunga saga y su relación con el contexto de producción. Durante la Edad Media nórdica, las fuerzas del destino participaban en la producción de las redes sociales y entretejían un espacio significativo dentro de las diversas cosmovisiones de la época. En este trabajo se demuestra que la fuerza con la que el destino configura el futuro de los personajes y de los héroes legendarios guarda un notable paralelismo con la capacidad de las estructuras de parentesco y del honor para imponer obligaciones ineludibles. El acatamiento de la voluntad de los ancestros, la construcción de una identidad familiar inquebrantable, así como la búsqueda de la venganza se asemejan a la aceptación de un destino inflexible, al mismo tiempo que exhiben un carácter destructivo comparable a las tendencias codiciosas que produce el tesoro maldito de Andvari. Recurriendo a una amplia gama de fuentes primarias, el presente libro traza un mapa más completo de estas dinámicas y los vínculos que guardan con las formas culturales e históricas del contexto de producción. Al atender a las condiciones de Islandia y de Noruega durante la Edad Media, descubrimos que la condena de la codicia, la venganza y otras obligaciones sociales adquiere un significado mucho más profundo. Finalmente, en esta obra se ofrecen herramientas analíticas que no solamente permiten un análisis más profundo de las sagas nórdicas, sino que también arrojan luz sobre las narrativas en un sentido más amplio. El interés de este trabajo se extiende más allá de los estudios nórdicos e invita al lector a reflexionar a través de un pasado histórico sobre la propia condición humana.
Tablas e ilustraciones
Resumen
PRIMERA PARTE
1. Introducción
1.1 Sobre la fuente y su relación con otras versiones y representaciones afines
1.2 Estudios principales previos de la obra
2. Sobre la cualidad de nuestras fuentes y su uso analítico
2.1 Sobre el marco general de nuestras fuentes
2.1.1 Breve apunte sobre las leyes
2.1.2 Breves consideraciones sobre la antigua poesía nórdica
2.1.3 Sobre las sagas y sus cualidades
2.1.4 Sobre la oralidad y la escritura
2.1.5 De lo histórico y lo sobrenatural en las fornaldarsögur
2.1.6 Sobre la narrativa y las secciones de V¿lsunga saga
3. Sobre el marco teórico y las herramientas analíticas
3.1 La estructura, el fondo y los esquemas narrativos
3.2 Sobre la centralidad de los dones en V¿lsunga saga: su contenido y relación con la estructura
3.3 Sobre la relación entre la agencia y la estructura social
3.3.1 La estructura de parentesco, la fuerza del destino y la formación del sujeto
SEGUNDA PARTE
4. Contexto sociohistórico del medievo islandés y noruego
4.1 Sobre las condiciones de Noruega
4.1.1 De guerras civiles a la centralización del poder
4.1.2 Sobre la ideología regia en noruega y el poder de Dios en la tierra
4.2 Sobre las condiciones de Islandia
4.1.1 Contexto político
4.2.2 Breves consideraciones sobre la Asamblea General
4.2.3 El desarrollo del poder. La disminución de los jefes y el surgimiento de los grandes goðar
4.2.4 De la Iglesia y la sociedad islandesa
4.1.5 La era de los Sturlungar
4.3 Sobre las relaciones matrimoniales
4.3.1 Derecho canónico y la nueva idea de consentimiento
4.3.2 Sobre la inserción del consentimiento
4.3.3 La inserción del consentimiento en las leyes
5. Dones, matrimonios y venganzas: la sobreestimación de la familia natal
5.1 Sobre la herencia de habilidades y atributos físicos
5.2 La sobreestimación de la importancia del parentesco natal
5.2.1 Sobre la espada de Óðinn y los objetos inalienables
5.2.2 Sobre matrimonios desafortunados y el apego por la familia original
5.2.3 Matrimonios con resultados negativos, una conclusión.
5.3 Relaciones representadas en términos favorables
5.3.1 El llanto oculto: sobre el matrimonio entre Helgi y Sigrún
5.3.2 El sentimiento y los votos: sobre la relación entre Brynhildr y Sigurðr fáfnisbani
5.3.3 Conclusiones generales de las relaciones de carácter positivo
5.4 Sobre la lógica del amor y los matrimonios en V¿lsunga saga y otras obras afines
5.4.1 De la relación entre los matrimonios políticos y las relaciones amorosas
5.4.2 Sobre la relación entre el amor, la enfermedad y la pena
5.4.3 La relación entre la relación conyugal y el interés secular
5.5 Sobre la obediencia al ancestro
5.5.1 Un camino ya tomado: sobre la inexorabilidad de la venganza
5.6 El último tema. Sobre la tercera parte de la saga
6. La codicia, la maldición de andvari y la estructura como destino
6.1 En engi má við sk¿pum vinna: sobre el destino y la codicia en V¿lsunga saga.
6.1.1 El comienzo de una historia
6.1.2 Un encuentro con el destino: la lucha entre el héroe y el monstruo
6.1.3 El efecto de la codicia, la destructividad de la maldición y la inexorabilidad del destino
6.1.4 El impulso codicioso y la deseabilidad de la reciprocidad
6.2 El destino y la estructura en relación
6.2.1 Sobre el desenlace oscuro del destino, la estructura social y su acatamiento
6.2.2 De la ruptura de juramentos y el castigo moral de las transgresiones
7. Conclusiones
Bibliografía
TERCERA PARTE
Anexo I: Breve resumen de la saga
Anexo II: Genealogías de las familias más importantes representadas en V¿lsunga saga
Anexo III: Representaciones de la historia de los V¿lsungar
Anexo IV: Términos de sufrimiento
Anexo V: Términos sobre el destino
Anexo VI: Mapas de Islandia y de Escandinavia
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Lorenzo Casany en Literatura nórdica: https://literaturanordica.wordpress.com/2024/03/07/destino-familia-y-honor-en-el-medievo-nordico-de-mario-martin-paez/
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El Cuaderno del Feroés. Blog dedicado a la difusión de la cultura Nórdica en Español.: https://cuadernoferoes.blogspot.com/2023/12/novedad-destino-familia-y-honor-en-el.html
